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Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. B Brussels Ref. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November , and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November This document is to be read in conjunction with clause 1.

See also 6. NOTE 1 For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this type B standard. The dimensions specified are consistent with established ergonomic data given in EN "Safety of machinery - Human body dimensions — Part 3 : Anthropometric data". NOTE 2 The use of materials other than metals composite materials, so-called "advanced" materials, etc.

Annex ZA is for information only. Part 1 of EN ISO gives advice about the correct choice of access means when the necessary access to the machine is not possible directly from the ground level or from a floor. This part of EN ISO applies to all machinery stationary and mobile where fixed means of access are necessary. This part of EN ISO applies to stairs, step ladders and guard-rails which are a part of a machine. This part of EN ISO may also apply to stairs, step ladders and guard-rails to that part of the building where the machine is installed, providing the main function of that part of the building is to provide a means of access to the machine.

In those cases the possible relevant national or other regulations should be taken into account. This part of EN ISO applies also to stairs, step ladders and guard-rails specific to the machine which are not permanently fixed to the machine and which may be removed or moved to the side for some operations of the machine e.

These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies including amendments. The following additional definitions particularly required for this standard apply : 3. Typical parts of a guard-rail are shown in Figure 2 and defined in 3.

When the gate is released, it will close automatically using e. If it is justified, it may be increased, for example in the case of certain mobile machines. NOTE The principle of maintaining the going at the top of the stair is important and a change of going at the landing which is the last step is a significant cause of accidents.

Figure 3 — Positioning of the uppermost step 5. When the stairway is usually subject to the passage or crossing of several persons simultaneously, the width shall be increased to mm. The width of the stair, when designated as an escape way shall meet the requirements of appropriate regulations. NOTE When justified by the risk assessment and restrictions due to the machinery or environment, the free width may be reduced to no less than mm' if : — the working platform or stair is used only occasionally, and ; — the reduction is made only for a short distance.

The length of the landing, I, shall be at least mm and in any case equal to or greater than the width of the stair. Only in the case of a single flight see 3. Safety requirements applicable to step ladders 6. NOTE 7 For multi-flights, additional safety measures should be considered. Safety requirements applicable to guard-rails 7. However, a toe plate shall be provided when the gap between the platform and adjoining structure is greater than 30 mm.

The clear space between the handrail and the kneerail, as well as between the kneerail and the toe plate, shall not exceed mm. When vertical uprights are used instead of a kneerail the clear horizontal distance between those uprights 7. The distance between the axes of the stanchions is preferred to be limited to mm. But, if this 7. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 5 — Clear space between two gard rail segments In the case of an interrupted handrail, to prevent hand traps the clear space between the two segments 7.

If there is a larger opening, a self closing gate shall be used. A gate shall have the handrail and kneerail positioned at the same level as that of the guard-rail that it extends to for exit section of the ladder, see prEN ISO Any gates shall be self-closing and shall be designed to open onto the platform or floor and to close against a firm stop to prevent users pushing against them and falling through the opening.

Gates shall be subject to the same loading criteria as guard-rails. If the stair width is greater or equal to mm, there shall be two handrails. Step ladders shall always have two handrails. Readers who are concerned about what changes might occur in relation to standards once the UK leaves the European Union can rest assured that it is unlikely that there will be any change here because BS EN ISO is equivalent to the international standard and it is all but inconceivable that the UK would cease to use this.

Remember that compliance with standards is not mandatory but is strongly recommended. For a new machine that is being CE marked to the Machinery Directive , working to the standard gives a presumption of conformity to the relevant EHSRs; without the standard, it is necessary to demonstrate that the EHSRs have been fulfilled by some other means. A final point to note is that ISO Part 5 is in preparation, which will deal with permanent means of access on mobile machinery.

A permanent means of access is fixed to the machine or an adjacent structure in such a way that it cannot be removed without the use of tools. As well as applying to rigidly attached means of access, the standard also applies to non-powered adjustable or movable parts such as sliding or folding ladders. Furthermore, the standard applies to parts of the building or civil construction if the main function of these is to provide access to the machine. For the purposes of BS EN ISO , permanent means of access are working platforms, walkways, stairs, stepladders, guard rails and fixed ladders.

However, the scope of the standard specifically excludes powered means of access lifts, escalators or other devices designed to move persons between levels.

Part 1 contains useful definitions, such as those for fixed ladder, stepladder, stair and ramp essentially the differences relate to the angle of pitch, and ladders have rungs whereas stepladders and stairs have steps. When most people refer to stepladders they probably mean a short ladder with folding legs that enable it to be free-standing.

Clause 4 of Part 1 lists the most significant hazards to consider when determining the type and location of the means of access. An additional note draws attention to other possible hazards, and the reader is also reminded of ISO relating to risk assessments. Where there are hazards not covered by the standard, such as moving parts of machinery, extreme temperatures or hazards caused by the environment, the standard says that these should be considered and addressed by, for example, preventing unauthorised access.

In other words, when designing and specifying means of access, consideration should be given to preventing unauthorised access. One issue that is not addressed particularly well in the standard is the question of under what circumstances a permanent means of access is required, though an ISO risk assessment will help.

Furthermore, three-point contact needs to be maintained except for very brief periods eg starting a screw , heavy objects should not be carried, leaning ladders should be secured and, if stepladders are used and side loads are imposed, then the stepladder should be secured. In general, if it is anticipated that regular access will be required for machine operation, cleaning or maintenance, then a permanent means of access should be given due consideration see also Clause 5 below.

Furthermore, a permanent means of access can prove to be very cost-effective compared with the cost of erecting scaffolding on multiple occasions.

Clause 5 lists the general requirements for design and construction of means of access. Note that subclause 6. References are made to other subclauses that help in determining which type of access should be selected, but the point to note is that there must be good reasons for using any means of access other than those listed higher up the hierarchy. Following on from the above, subclause 6. Annex A gives examples of changes that can be made to the machine or system to make better access possible.

Annex B lists the significant technical changes between ISO and the previous edition, which will be helpful to readers who have been working to the earlier edition. However, it is almost inevitable that Part 3 will also be required, because this covers the guard-rails that are usually necessary with platforms and walkways. Subclause 4. Interestingly, a pragmatic approach is adopted, with several exceptions allowed under particular circumstances.

However, great care should be taken with ribbed ramps, bearing in mind that subclause 4. Nevertheless, it would be prudent to verify the safety requirements either by calculation or testing.

Annex A relates to methods for determining slip resistance and starts by stating that no international standard currently exists. Annex B lists the significant technical changes between ISO and the previous edition, which will be helpful to readers who have been working on the earlier edition.

If guard-rails are being installed alongside platforms or walkways, Part 3 will have to be used in conjunction with Part 2 as well.

Another point to note from the definitions is that handrails must be rigid, which excludes the use of ropes, chains or cables. Clause 4 presents the General requirements for stairs, stepladders and guard-rails, including the loadings to be used in strength and deflection calculations when designing these structures.

Clause 5 , Specific requirements applicable to stairs , provides further information for designing stairs. Some leeway is provided for designers, as shown by this example from subclause 5. Clause 6 , Specific requirements applicable to step ladders , provides similar details to those in Clause 5. Clause 7 , Specific requirements applicable to guard-rails , states that guard-rails shall be installed when the height of the possible fall exceeds mm, if the gap between the platform and machine structure exceeds mm or if the protection provided by the structure is not equivalent to a guard-rail.

Subclause 7. However, the same subclause states that the minimum height of the guard-rail shall be mm, so it appears that the former may be a typographical error and the height of the handrail should be greater than or equal to mm. As well as providing requirements for guard-rails on platforms, stairs and stepladders, Clause 7 also gives details for toe plates, self-closing gates and mezzanine gates.